Which term describes a species that becomes established outside its native range due to human activity?

• A. Climax Community
• B. Old-Growth Forest
• C. Secondary Succession
• D. Invasive Species

Answer: (D)

The idea here is human-assisted movement leading to a species establishing itself outside its native range and often causing ecological disruption. Such a species is called an invasive species, because it not only appears in a new area but tends to spread and outcompete native organisms, potentially altering habitats and ecosystem processes. The other terms relate to forest structure or succession stages (a climax community, an old-growth forest, or secondary succession) and do not describe a non-native species established through human activity.